How to Register your Business Name with CAC

Starting a business in Nigeria comes with excitement and challenges, but one step you absolutely cannot skip is registering your business name with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). Whether you're a freelance graphic designer in Lagos, a trader in Kano, or someone turning a side hustle into a full-time venture, legal registration is the foundation that separates a legitimate business from an informal operation.

The Corporate Affairs Commission is Nigeria's official regulatory body for business registration and corporate affairs. Established under the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), the CAC maintains the register of all companies and business names in Nigeria, ensuring that businesses operate within legal frameworks and meet statutory requirements.

Registering your business name with CAC does more than just make your business official. It gives you legal recognition, protects your business identity, builds credibility with clients and partners, and opens doors to opportunities that require proper documentation. Without CAC registration, you cannot open a business bank account, access certain government programs, bid for contracts, or enter into formal business agreements with corporate organizations.

This guide provides a complete, up-to-date walkthrough of how to register your business name with CAC in Nigeria. We'll explain everything in simple terms, assuming you've never done this before, and walk you through each step of the online registration process. By the end, you'll know exactly what to do, what to avoid, and how to get your business legally registered without confusion or unnecessary expenses.

What Does Business Name Registration Mean?

A business name is the official identity under which an individual or group of individuals operates a business. When you register a business name with CAC, you're formally declaring that you're conducting business under a specific name, and you're securing legal rights to use that name for commercial activities in Nigeria.

Business name registration is designed for sole proprietorships and partnerships. If you're a consultant, fashion designer, event planner, caterer, trader, or service provider operating as an individual or with a few partners, this is typically the right registration option for you. It's straightforward, affordable, and suitable for small to medium-scale enterprises that don't require the complex structure of a limited company.

Let's use a practical example. Imagine you're a baker named Amaka, and you've been selling cakes to friends and family. You decide to expand and call your business "Amaka's Sweet Treats." Until you register this name with CAC, it's just a name you're using informally. Once registered, "Amaka's Sweet Treats" becomes legally recognized, allowing you to open a business account, issue proper invoices, and build a brand that's protected under Nigerian law.

However, it's important to understand the difference between a business name and a limited liability company. A registered business name does not create a separate legal entity—you and the business are essentially the same in the eyes of the law. This means you're personally liable for all business debts and obligations. If your business owes money or faces legal action, your personal assets can be affected.

A limited liability company, by contrast, is a separate legal entity from its owners. It provides better protection for personal assets, can have shareholders and directors, and is generally preferred for businesses planning to scale significantly, raise investment, or operate in high-risk sectors. The registration process for a limited company is more complex and expensive than business name registration.

For most people starting out—especially if you're testing a business idea, operating on a small scale, or want something quick and affordable—business name registration is the practical choice. You can always upgrade to a limited company later as your business grows and your needs change.

What You Need Before Registering with CAC

Before you begin the registration process, gather the necessary documents and information. Having everything prepared beforehand makes the process smoother and helps you avoid frustration halfway through.

Essential Requirements:

• Valid means of identification – National Identity Card (NIN), International Passport, Driver's License, or Voter's Card
• Recent passport photograph – Digital copy with white background, clear and professional
• Personal details – Full name (exactly as it appears on your ID), date of birth, residential address, phone number, and email address
• Business address – Street address, city, local government area, and state where your business operates
• Proposed business name options – At least three alternative names in case your first choice is unavailable
• Nature of business – Clear description of what your business does
• Details of partners – If registering a partnership, personal information and ID for all partners

After gathering these items, pay special attention to choosing your business name. Not every name you think of will be acceptable to CAC. Your proposed name must be unique and significantly different from existing registered businesses. The CAC database contains millions of registered names, and they reject applications where names are identical or too similar to existing ones.

Some words are restricted and require special approval or cannot be used at all. These include words like "Bank," "Insurance," "Microfinance," "Federal," "National," "Royal," "Cooperative," and "Government." Religious terms and names suggesting illegal activities are also prohibited. Unless you have the appropriate licenses and permissions, avoid these words entirely.

Your business name should also reflect your business activities. A name like "Tech Solutions Nigeria" would raise questions if you're registering to sell foodstuff. Keep it relevant to what you actually plan to do.

Choose a name that's easy to spell, pronounce, and remember. Complicated names with unusual spellings might seem creative, but they make it harder for customers to find you and remember your business. Think about how the name will look on business cards, websites, and social media.

Step-by-Step Guide to Registering Your Business Name with CAC

The CAC has moved most registration services online, which is convenient once you understand the process. Here's how to register your business name from start to finish.

1. Create Your CAC Account

Visit the official CAC portal at https://www.cac.gov.ng and look for the "Pre-Registration" or "New User Registration" option. Click it to access the registration form.

Fill in your personal details carefully:

• Full name exactly as it appears on your ID
• Valid email address you check regularly
• Active phone number
• Create a strong password you'll remember

After submitting the form, check your email for a verification message from CAC. This usually arrives within minutes but might take longer or land in your spam folder. Click the verification link to activate your account, then log in using your email and password.

2. Conduct a Business Name Search and Reservation

From your dashboard, select "Business Name Registration" and start with a name availability search. Enter your proposed business name exactly as you want it to appear and let the system check if it's available.

The search results will tell you whether the name is available, already taken, or too similar to existing names. If unavailable, try your alternative names until you find one that's approved. Take the search seriously—proceeding with an unavailable or similar name will result in rejection later.

Once you find an available name, reserve it by paying the reservation fee (currently around ₦500). This temporarily holds the name for you, preventing others from registering it while you complete your application. Name reservation typically lasts 60 days.

Payment can be made through:

• Online bank transfer
• Debit card
• Remita payment platform

Save your payment confirmation and reservation reference number—you'll need them for the next steps.

3. Complete the Business Name Registration Form

With your name reserved, fill out the detailed registration form. This section requires accurate information about your business and personal details.

Information you'll need to provide:

• Reserved business name
• Nature of business (be specific about what you do)
• Complete business address
• Proprietor's personal information (or partners' details if it's a partnership)
• Contact information

If you're registering a partnership, you'll add each partner's full name, address, and identification details. Take your time and double-check every entry. A simple typo in your name, address, or ID number can cause rejection or delays.

4. Upload Required Documents Correctly

The portal will ask you to upload scanned copies of your documents. This typically includes:

• Your means of identification
• Passport photograph
• Additional documents depending on your business type

Important upload guidelines:

• Ensure documents are clear and readable
• Use PDF or JPEG format
• Keep file sizes under 2MB
• Scan or photograph in good lighting
• Avoid blurry or distorted images

Many applications get rejected because uploaded documents are unclear or improperly formatted. Check that all text is legible before uploading.

5. Make Payment Through Approved Channels

After completing the form, you'll pay the business name registration fee. The cost depends on the processing speed you choose:

• Standard processing: ₦10,000 - ₦15,000 (typically takes 7-14 working days)
• Express processing: Higher fee, usually completed within 24-48 hours

Pay through the same methods used for name reservation (bank transfer, debit card, or Remita). Download and save your payment receipt—it contains reference numbers you might need for follow-up.

6. Submit Your Application and Track Approval

After confirming payment, submit your completed application. You'll receive an acknowledgment showing that your application is being processed, and a confirmation email will be sent to your registered address.

Save your transaction references and application numbers. You can track your application status by logging into the CAC portal and checking the status section. The CAC will review your application, verify your information, and check that all documents are in order.

During the review period:

• Check your email regularly for updates
• Log into the portal every few days to monitor progress
• If the status shows "Query" or "Pending Additional Information," respond promptly

Once approved, you'll receive an email notification. Log into the portal and download your business name certificate. Save multiple copies digitally and print physical copies—this certificate is your official proof of registration.

CAC Fees and How Long Registration Takes

Understanding the costs and timelines helps you plan properly and avoid surprises during the registration process.

CAC Registration Fees:

• Name reservation fee: Approximately ₦500
• Standard business name registration: ₦10,000 - ₦15,000
• Express/accelerated registration: ₦25,000 - ₦30,000 or higher

These fees are subject to change based on CAC's updated fee structure, so always confirm current amounts on the portal. You may also encounter small transaction fees from payment platforms.

Expected Processing Timelines:

• Name reservation: Instant to a few hours after payment confirmation
• Standard registration: 7-14 working days from submission
• Express registration: 24-48 hours

Several factors can affect processing time. During peak periods, standard applications might take longer. If there are issues with your application—unclear documents, missing information, or inconsistencies—the CAC will send queries that delay approval until resolved.

Express processing costs significantly more but is only worth it if you genuinely need your certificate urgently. For most people, standard processing is adequate if you start your application well in advance of when you need the certificate.

After Registration: Important Next Steps

Receiving your CAC certificate is a major milestone, but there are several important actions to take immediately afterward to ensure your business operates smoothly and remains compliant.

Critical post-registration steps:

• Download and store your CAC certificate – Save multiple digital copies and print several physical copies. Keep them in secure locations. You'll need this certificate for various business activities.
• Apply for a Tax Identification Number (TIN) – Every registered business must have a TIN for tax purposes. Apply through the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) portal using your CAC certificate as supporting documentation.
• Open a business bank account – With your CAC certificate and TIN, approach any Nigerian bank to open a dedicated business account. Operating through your personal account appears unprofessional and makes accounting difficult.
• File annual returns – CAC requires annual returns filing to keep your business registration active and in good standing. This involves updating the commission about your business activities each year, and there's a fee for filing. Failure to file can result in penalties or suspension of your business name.

Consider getting business cards, letterheads, and other professional materials that include your registered business name and RC number (the registration number on your certificate). This builds credibility with clients who want to work with legally recognized businesses.

If your business details change—such as moving to a new address or adding partners—you must update the CAC to keep your records current. Maintaining compliance protects your business and ensures you can access opportunities that require up-to-date documentation.

Common Mistakes to Avoid During CAC Registration

Many first-time applicants make avoidable errors that cause delays, rejections, or unnecessary expenses. Being aware of these mistakes helps you get it right the first time.

Common registration errors:

• Choosing names too similar to existing businesses – Adding words like "Global," "International," or "Nigeria" to an existing name doesn't make it unique. Conduct thorough searches and ensure your name is truly distinct.
• Uploading unclear or improperly formatted documents – Blurry scans, wrong file formats, or oversized files cause rejections. Ensure all uploads are clear, properly formatted, and within size limits.
• Entering incorrect personal information – Using shortened names, forgetting middle names, or making typos in ID numbers creates mismatches with official records. Information must match your identification exactly.
• Being too vague about business objectives – Writing "general trading" or "any lawful business" doesn't clearly define what you do. Be specific: "retail sales of clothing and accessories" or "software development and IT consulting services."
• Ignoring name reservation timelines – Name reservations expire after 60 days. If you reserve a name but take too long to complete registration, you'll lose the reservation and need to start over.
• Missing CAC communications – Not checking emails or monitoring application status means you miss queries or requests for additional information, which delays processing.
• Using restricted words without authorization – Terms like "Bank," "Insurance," or "Federal" require special approvals. Unless you have proper licenses, avoid these entirely.

Paying attention to these details and carefully reviewing everything before submission significantly increases your chances of smooth, first-time approval.

Frequently Asked Questions

As you navigate the registration process, you may have questions about specific aspects of CAC business name registration. Here are answers to the most common concerns.

Do I need to hire an agent or lawyer to register my business name?

No, you don't need an agent or lawyer. The CAC online portal is designed for individuals to complete registration themselves. However, if you're uncomfortable with online processes, exceptionally busy, or want professional assistance, hiring a reputable agent can be helpful. Just be cautious about who you hire—there are scammers who overcharge or provide poor service. If you use an agent, ensure you receive all login credentials and documents so you maintain control over your registration.

How long does name reservation last?

Name reservation typically lasts 60 days from the date of reservation. This gives you two months to complete your registration using that reserved name. If the reservation expires before you finish, you'll need to conduct a new search and make a new reservation payment, as someone else could register that name in the interim.

What happens if my preferred business name is rejected?

If your name is too similar to an existing one or contains restricted words, you'll need to search for and reserve an alternative name. You won't get a refund for the initial reservation fee, but once you find an acceptable name, you can proceed with registration. This is why having backup names ready before starting is important.

Can I change my business name after registration?

Yes, you can change your business name, but it requires a formal process through CAC that involves paying fees and submitting documentation explaining the reason for the change. It's much easier to get your name right initially than to go through the change process later.

What if I make a mistake during registration?

If you notice an error before submitting your application, you can go back and correct it. However, if you've already submitted and paid, you'll need to contact CAC customer service to explain the situation. Depending on the error, they may allow corrections or you might need to start a new application. This is why careful review before final submission is crucial.

How long is my business name registration valid?

Business name registration doesn't technically expire, but you must file annual returns every year to keep your business in good standing. If you fail to file for several years, your business name may be struck off the register, meaning it's no longer recognized as active and you lose legal protections.

Can I operate in multiple states with one registration?

Yes, business name registration with CAC allows you to operate anywhere in Nigeria—it's not limited to the state where you registered your address. However, depending on your business type, you might need additional permits or licenses from local governments in the states where you operate.

Conclusion

Registering your business name with the Corporate Affairs Commission is one of the most important steps you'll take as an entrepreneur in Nigeria. It transforms your business from an informal operation into a legally recognized entity with credibility, protection, and access to opportunities that would otherwise remain out of reach.

The process might seem daunting if you've never done it before, but as this guide shows, it's manageable when broken down into clear steps. Thousands of Nigerians successfully register their business names every month, and with proper preparation—gathering your documents, choosing a unique name, carefully filling out forms, and being patient during review—you can too.

The investment of time and money required for business name registration pays long-term dividends. You gain legal standing, protect your business identity, demonstrate professionalism to clients, and position yourself to access bank accounts, contracts, and other opportunities that require proper documentation. Whether you're a freelancer, trader, service provider, or creative professional, CAC registration gives you the foundation to build something legitimate and lasting.

Don't let anxiety about the process hold you back. Follow this guide step by step, take your time, and before long, you'll be holding your business name certificate. Remember that starting is often the hardest part—once you create your CAC account and begin, the path forward becomes much clearer.

Your business deserves to be official, and you deserve the confidence that comes with knowing you're operating legally. Take the first step today and give your business the legitimate foundation it needs to succeed in Nigeria's dynamic economy.